The Norton Anthology of Latino Literature

ALTERNATE TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

INTRODUCTION: THE SEARCH FOR WHOLENESS

COLONIZATION: 1537–1810

FRAY BARTOLOMÉ DE LAS CASAS (1484–1566)

• The Devastation of the Indies: A Brief Account
  • Hispaniola
  • That Part of the Mainland Called Florida

ÁLVAR NÚÑEZ CABEZA DE VACA (ca. 1490–ca. 1560)

•  Chronicle of the Narváez Expedition
• Chapter 1: When the Fleet Left Spain and the Men Who
       Went with It
• Chapter 2: How the Governor Came to Xagua and Brought a
       Pilot with Him
• Chapter 3: How We Arrived in Florida
• Chapter 4: How We Went to the Interior
• Chapter 19: How the Indians Separated Us
• Chapter 20: How We Fled
• Chapter 21: How We Cured Several Sick People
• Chapter 22: How the Following Day They Brought Other
       Sick People
• Chapter 25: How Ready the Indians Are with Weapons
• Chapter 26: On Nations and Languages

FRAY MARCOS DE NIZA (ca. 1495–1558)

• From Narrative of Fray Marcos de Niza

HERNANDO DE SOTO (ca. 1496–1542)

• Letter of Hernando de Soto at Tampa Bay to the Justice and
       Board of Magistrates in Santiago de Cuba

PEDRO CASTAÑEDA DE NÁJERA (ca. 1512–death unknown)

• Narrative of the Expedition of Coronado
  • Chapter 9: Of How the Army Started from Culiacán and the
         Arrival of the General at Cíbola, and of the Army at Señora
         and of Other Things That Happened
  • Chapter 15: Of Why Tiguex Revolted, and How They Were
         Punished, without Being to Blame for It

JUAN DE CASTELLANOS (1522–1607)

• Revolt of the Borinqueños

“EL INCA” GARCILASO DE LA VEGA (ca. 1539–1616)

• The Florida of the Inca
  • Book 2, Part 1
    • Chapter 24: How They Seized Vitachuco. The Outbreak
           of the Battle Which Occurred between the Spaniards
           and the Indians
    • Chapter 25: The Gradual Surrender of the Conquered
           Indians, and the Constancy of Seven of Them
  • Book 3
    • Chapter 10: The Mistress of Cofachiqui Comes to Talk with
           the Governor, Offering Him Both Provisions and Passage
           for His Army

SEBASTIÁN VIZCAÍNO (1548–1624)

• Diary of Sebastián Vizcaíno
  • Chapter 11: Departure from the Bay of the Eleven Thousand
         Virgins and Arrival at the Port of San Diego
  • Chapter 12: Departure from the Port of San Diego and Arrival
         at the Island of Santa Catalina

JUAN DE OÑATE (1550–1626)

• Letter Written by Don Juan de Oñate from New Mexico to the
       Viceroy, the Count of Monterey, on March 2, 1599
• Account of the Discovery of the Buffalo [Written by Juan
       Gutiérrez Bocanegra, Oñate’s Secretary]

GASPAR PÉREZ DE VILLAGRÁ (ca. 1555–1620)

• The History of New Mexico
  • Canto 1
  • Canto 2
  • Canto 14

FRAY EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO (1645–1711)

• [Memoir of Pimería Alta]
• From Book 1: First Entry into Pimería, and the Beginnings
       of Its Spiritual and Temporal Conquest, and of Its
       Conversion to Our Holy Catholic Fait
  • Chapter 1: Because of the Suspension of the Conquest
         and Conversion of California, Two Alms Are Asked for and
         Obtained from the Royal Treasury for Two Missionary
         Fathers for This Coast and Mainland Nearest to
         California
• Chapter 2: Royal Provision and Royal Cédula Which Favor
       the New Conversions
• Chapter 3: My Arrival at These Missions of Sonora, and
       My First Entry into This Pimería, with the Father Visitor,
       Manuel Gonzales
• Chapter 4: Expedition to San Ygnacio de Caborica, San Joseph
       de Los Himiris, and Nuestra Señora de Los Remedios
• Chapter 5: First Opposition Experienced in This New
       Conversion
• Chapter 6: Second Opposition and Discord Sown in Pimería
• Book 2: Visit and Triennium of the Father Visitor Juan María
       Salvatierra, 1690, 1691, 1692
• Chapter 7: Second and Third Expeditions to the Sea of 
       California
• Chapter 8: Expedition or Mission to the North and
       Northwest for More than One Hundred Leagues,
       as Far as to the Rio Grande and the Casa Grande, and
       the Discovery of the Two New Nations, the Opa and
       the Cocomaricopa
• Book 3: Arrival of the Venerable Father Francisco Xavier Saeta
       at These New Conversions; His Apostolic Fervor, Work,
       Zeal, and Holy Letters; His Glorious, Innocent Death; and
       Various Letters Prophetic of the Great Fruit of These
       Conversions
• Chapter 8: Last Letter of Most Tender Farewell from the
       Venerable Father
• Chapter 9: Concerning Three Other Murders Committed 
       in San Pedro del Tubutama
• Chapter 10: Happy and Glorious Death of the Venerable
       Father Francisco Xavier Saeta and of His Four Servants,
       and the Plundering of His House
• Chapter 11: Expedition of the Garrison of This Province of 
       Sonora to Punish the Delinquents and to Remove the
       Body of the Venerable Father
• Chapter 12: Second and New Expedition of the Garrison
       and New and Greater Disturbance than Before 128

FRAY JUNÍPERO SERRA (1713–1784)

• Letter to Fray Juan Andrés
• Letter to Francisco Carlos de Croix

FRAY JUAN CRESPI (1721–1782)

• Letter to Fray Francisco Palóu

JUAN BAUTISTA DE ANZA (1736–1788)

• From Diary of Governor de Anza’s Expedition against the 
       Comanche Nation, August 15–September 10, 1779

ANNEXATIONS: 1811–1898

FÉLIX VARELA (1787–1853)

• Letters to Elpidio
  • Final Observations on the Humor of Irreligious Masks
  • Civil Religion in the United States
  • On the Quakers

EULALIA PÉREZ (ca. 1780–death unknown)

• An Old Woman Remembers

ANTONIO MARÍA OSIO Y HIGUERA (1800–1878)

• The History of Alta California
  • From Chapter 8

GASPAR BETANCOURT CISNEROS (1803–1866)

• Letter from Lugareño

JOSÉ MARÍA HEREDIA (1803–1839)

• Ode to Niagara

FRONTIER MEMOIRS

JUAN NEPOMUCENO SEGUÍN (1806–1890)

• From Personal Memoirs of John N. Seguín, 1834–42

JOSÉ POLICARPO RODRÍGUEZ (1829–1914)

• The Old Guide
  • Chapter 1: Boyhood Days
  • Chapter 2: Surveying

ANDREW GARCÍA (1855?–1943)

• Tough Trip through Paradise 1878–1879
  • Chapter 34: Murder of John Hays

SOUTHWESTERN NEWSPAPER POETRY

JUAN B. HIJAR Y JARO (dates unknown)

• Heaven Hands Us Our Fate

J. M. VIGIL (dates unknown)

• Love and Friendship

JOSÉ RÓMULO RIBERA (birth unknown–1917)

• Homeland and Home

LUIS A. TORRES (dates unknown)

• Philosophical Truths

LUIS TAFOYA aka X.X.X. (1851–1922)

• Same as Usual
• To New Mexico

RAMÓN EMETERIO BETANCES (1827–1898)

• Arriba, Puerto Ricans!
• You Shall Be Free
• Remembrances of a Revolutionary
  1. [Against Spanish Despotism]
  2. Tenth of October
  3. Realized Dream

MARÍA AMPARO RUIZ DE BURTON (1832–1895)

• The Squatter and the Don
  • Chapter 1
    • Squatter Darrell Reviews the Past
    • The Don’s View of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

EUGENIO MARÍA DE HOSTOS (1839–1903)

• League of Puerto Rican Patriots
• Fragment from Diary

LOLA RODRÍGUEZ DE TIÓ (1843–1924)

• The Song of Borinquen
• A Cuba
  • Cuba and Puerto Rico

SOTERO FIGUEROA (1851–1923)

• Speech Confirming the Proclamation of the Cuban
  • Revolutionary Party
• Cubans and Puerto Ricans

JOSÉ MARTÍ (1853–1895)

• Coney Island
• Love in the City
• The Charleston Earthquake
• Two Homelands
• Our America

MANUEL M. SALAZAR (1854–1911)

• The Story of a Wayfarer, or Gervacio and Aurora
  • Chapter 19

LUIS MUÑOZ RIVERA (1859–1916)

• Northward Ho!
• Speech Given to the House of Representatives

MIGUEL ANTONIO OTERO JR. (1859–1944)

• My Nine Years as Governor of the Territory of New Mexico,
       1897–1906
  • From Chapter 8: The Folsom Train Robberies

FRANCISCO GONZALO “PACHÍN” MARÍN (1863–1897)

• New York from Within: One Aspect of Its Bohemian Life
• The Rag

FABIO FIALLO (1866–1942)

• Plenilunio
• Golgotha Rose
• Profane Rhyme

JOSÉ ESCOBAR (dates unknown)

• Literary Progress in New Mexico

JESSE PÉREZ (1870–1927)

• From Memoirs

JULIO G. ARCE aka JORGE ULICA (1870–1926)

• The Spanish Plague

THE CHACÓN FAMILY

EUSEBIO CHACÓN (1869–1948)

• The Calm after the Storm

FELIPE MAXIMILIANO CHACÓN (1873–1949)

• To Señora Adelina Otero-Warren
• Don Julio Berlanga

ISIDORO ARMIJO (1871–1949)

• Sixty Minutes in Hell

ACCULTURATION: 1899–1945

ARTHUR A. SCHOMBURG (1874–1938)

• The Negro Digs Up His Past
• Juan Latino

LEONOR VILLEGAS DE MAGNÓN (1876–1955)

• The Rebel
  • The Rebel Is a Girl

CLEOFAS M. JARAMILLO (1878–1956)

• Romance of a Little Village Girl
  • Chapter 3: Pleasant Outings
  • Chapter 20: The Territory Becomes a State

DANIEL VENEGAS (ca. 1880–ca. 1935)

• The Adventures of Don Chipote: or, A Sucker’s Tale
  • Chapter 1
  • Chapter 2
  • Chapter 3

ADELINA “NINA” OTERO-WARREN (1881–1965)

• Old Spain in Our Southwest
  • An Old Spanish Hacienda

WILLIAM CARLOS WILLIAMS (1883–1963)

• Libertad! Igualdad! Fraternidad!
• Apology
• Sub Terra
• In the American Grain
  • The Fountain of Eternal Youth
• Autobiography
  • Chapter 4: Pop and Mother

BERNARDO VEGA (1885–1965)

• Puerto Rican Migration to the United States
• Memoirs of Bernardo Vega
  1. From My Hometown Cayey to San Juan, and How I
          Arrived in New York without a Watch
  2. The Trials and Tribulations of an Emigrant in the Iron
          Tower of Babel on the Eve of World War I
  3. Proletarians Extend a Hand, but Hunger Pinches and
          There Is No Remedy but to Work in a Weapons
          Factory

VICENTE J. BERNAL (1888–1915)

• Elvira by the Stream
• To —

PEDRO ALBIZU CAMPOS (1891–1965)

• Observations on the Brookings Institution Report

MARÍA CRISTINA MENA (1893–1965)

• The Emotions of María Concepción
• The Birth of the God of War

FABIOLA CABEZA DE BACA GILBERT (ca. 1894–1991)

• We Fed Them Cactus
  • II: El Cuate
    • 3. The Rodeo
    • 4. Fiesta at San Hilario

LUIS MUÑOZ MARÍN (1898–1980)

• The Sad Case of Porto Rico
• Speech

JESÚS COLÓN (1901–1974)

• A Puerto Rican in New York and Other Sketches
  • The Mother, the Young Daughter, Myself, and All of Us
  • Grandma, Please Don’t Come!
• The Way It Was and Other Writings
  • The Two United States
  • The Jewish People and Us
  • My Wife Doesn’t Work

FELIPE ALFAU (1902–1999)

• Locos: A Comedy of Gestures
  • Identity

JOSÉ DÁVILA SEMPRIT (1902–1958)

• The United States
• One of Many

EUGENIO FLORIT (1903–1999)

• In the Big City
• The Lonely Poets of Manhattan
• Portrait of a Man Alone
• Out of the Snow

JOVITA GONZÁLEZ DE MIRELES (1904–1983)

• The Bullet-Swallower

ERNESTO GALARZA (1905–1984)

• Barrio Boy
  • From Part One: In a Mountain Village
  • Part Five: On the Edge of the Barrio

LUIS LEAL (1907–2010)

• In Search of Aztlán

FRAY ANGÉLICO CHÁVEZ (1910–1996)

• New Mexico Triptych
  • Hunchback Madonna

JOSEFINA NIGGLI (1910–1983)

• Mexican Village
  • From The Quarry

UPHEAVAL: 1946–1979

JULIA DE BURGOS (1914–1953)

• To Julia de Burgos
• Ay, Ay, Ay of the Kinky-Haired Negress
• Pentachrome
• Río Grande de Loíza
• Song to the Hispanic People of America and the World
• Canto to the Free Federation
• Farewell in Welfare Island

AMÉRICO PAREDES (1915–1999)

• With His Pistol in His Hand
  1. The Country

GUILLERMO COTTO-THORNER (1916–1983)

• Tropic in Manhattan
  • Two Arrivals

RENÉ MARQUÉS (1919–1979)

• The Oxcart
  • Act 3
• From The Docile Puerto Rican: Literature and Psychological
  • Reality
• The Function of the Puerto Rican Writer Today

SABINE R. ULIBARRÍ (1919–2003)

• My Grandma Smoked Cigars
• El Apache

JOSÉ YGLESIAS (1919–1995)

• Home Again
  • From Chapter 1

JOSÉ ANTONIO VILLARREAL (b. 1924)

• Pocho
  • Part 1

MARIO SUÁREZ (1925–1998)

• El Hoyo
• Señor Garza

JOSÉ LUIS GONZÁLEZ (1926–1994)

• The Night We Became People Again
• Bernardo Vega: A Fighter and His People

CÉSAR CHÁVEZ (1927–1993)

• We Shall Overcome
• Jesus’s Friendship
• An Organizer’s Tale
• Rufino Contreras
• What Is Democracy?

NASH CANDELARIA (b. 1928)

• Memories of the Alhambra
  • Chapter 1
  • Chapter 2

RODOLFO “CORKY” GONZALES (1928–2005)

• I Am Joaquín

PEDRO JUAN SOTO (1928–2002)

• Spiks
  • The Innocents
  • The Champ
  • Scribbles
  • Bayaminiña

PIRI THOMAS (b. 1928)

• Down These Mean Streets
  • Alien Turf
• The Konk

RICHARD VÁZQUEZ (1928–1994)

• Chicano
  • Chapter 1

ROLANDO HINOJOSA (b. 1929)

• Becky and Her Friends

MARÍA IRENE FORNÉS (b. 1930)

• Fefu and Her Friends

ROSARIO MORALES and AURORA LEVINS MORALES 
        (b. 1930 and b. 1954)

• Getting Home Alive
• I Am What I Am (RM)
• Child of the Americas (ALM)
• Puertoricanness (ALM)
• Ending Poem (RM and ALM)

JAIME CARRERO (b. 1931)

• Neo Rican Lesson

ABELARDO “LALO” DELGADO (1931–2004)

• From The Chicano Movement: Some Not Too Objective
       Observations

HEBERTO PADILLA (1932–2000)

• The Gift
• A Remembrance of Wallace Stevens in Florida
• Man on the Edge
• Princeton Cemetery
• Song of the Prodigal Son

JACK AGÜEROS (b. 1934)

• Halfway to Dick and Jane: A Puerto Rican Pilgrimage
• Sonnet for 1950
• Sonnet: The History of Puerto Rico

JOHN RECHY (b. 1934)

• City of Night
  • City of Night
  • Mr King: Between Two Lions

OSCAR “ZETA” ACOSTA (1935–1974)

• The Autobiography of a Brown Buffalo
  • Chapter 6

NICHOLASA MOHR (b. 1935)

• Nilda
  • May, 1945
• The Wrong Lunch Line: Early Spring 1946
• Aunt Rosana’s Rocker (Zoraida)
• A Journey toward a Common Ground: The Struggle 
       and Identity of Hispanics in the U.S.A.

TOMÁS RIVERA (1935–1984)

• This Migrant Earth

LUIS RAFAEL SÁNCHEZ (b. 1936)

• The Airbus
• The New Yorkian Quartet

ESTELA PORTILLO TRAMBLEY (1936–1999)

• The Paris Gown

RUDOLFO A. ANAYA (b. 1937)

• The Apple Orchard
• Bless Me, Ultima
  • Chapter Uno
  • Chapter Dos
• Bendíceme, América

LOURDES CASAL (1938–1981)

• Hudson in Winter
• For Ana Veldford
• Conversation in a Train Station with an Old Man Who Speaks
       Spanish

ROSARIO FERRÉ (b. 1938)

• The House on the Lagoon
  • Thanksgiving Day, 1936
• Writing in Between

ARTURO ISLAS (1938–1991)

• The Rain God
  • Judgment Day

MARY HELEN PONCE (b. 1938)

• Hoyt Street
  • 13011 Hoyt Street

JOSÉ ANTONIO BURCIAGA (1940–1996)

• Spilling the Beans
  • Spilling the Beans
  • The Honorable Senator Ralph W. Yarborough
  • What’s in a Spanish Name?
  • Bilingual Cognates

JOSÉ KOZER (b. 1940)

• Diaspora
• Nimia
• First & last
• The final journey

LUIS VALDEZ (b. 1940)

• Zoot Suit

VICTOR VILLASEÑOR (b. 1940)

• The Greatest Christmas Gift

RICARDO SÁNCHEZ (1941–1995)

• Indict Amerika
• Stream
• Teresa, last night
• Fridays Belong to Friends, Sometimes
• And Would That I Could

THE NUYORICAN POETS

MIGUEL ALGARÍN (b. 1941)

• A Mongo Affair
• Nuyorican Literature
• Nuyorican Angel of Despair
• forGet
• Hiram Morales

PEDRO PIETRI (1944–2004)

• Puerto Rican Obituary 
• The Broken English Dream

JOSÉ ANGEL FIGUEROA (b. 1946)

• Boricua
• Cowboynomics

MIGUEL PIÑERO (1946–1988)

• Short Eyes
  • Act 1
• A Lower East Side Poem
• This Is Not the Place Where I Was Born

SANDRA MARÍA ESTEVES (b. 1948)

• Here
• Puerto Rican Discovery #3: Not Neither

TATO LAVIERA (b. 1950)

• my graduation speech
• asimilao
• AmeRícan
• lady liberty

JESÚS “PAPOLETO” MELÉNDEZ (b. 1951)

• of a butterfly in el barrio or a stranger in paradise

SAN ANTONIO WOMEN POETS

ANGELA DE HOYOS (1940–2009)

• La Malinche to Cortés and Vice Versa
• La Vie: I Never Said It Was Simple

EVANGELINA VIGIL-PIÑÓN (b. 1949)

• apprenticeship
• crimson the color
• corazón en la palma

CARMEN TAFOLLA (b. 1951)

• Compliments
• Marked
• Letter to Ti
• To Split a Human: Mitos, Machos y la Mujer Chicana
  • Chapter 3: Myths, Machos and the Movies: Will the
         Real Chicana Please Stand Up?

PUERTO RICAN YOUNG LORDS

IRIS MORALES (b. 1948)

• ¡PALANTE, SIEMPRE PALANTE!: The Young Lords

PABLO GUZMÁN (b. 1951)

• La Vida Pura: A Lord of the Barrio

INTO THE MAINSTREAM: 1980–PRESENT

TINO VILLANUEVA (b. 1941)

• Cycle Bound
• Scene from the Movie Giant
• My Certain Burn toward Pale Ashes
• Catharsis
• Voice over Time
• At the Holocaust Museum: Washington, D.C.

ISABEL ALLENDE (b. 1942)

• Paula
  • From Part 1: December 1991 to May 1992

GLORIA ANZALDÚA (1942–2004)

• Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza
  1. The Homeland, Aztlán: El otro México
  2. Movimientos de rebeldía y las culturas que traicionan

ARIEL DORFMAN (b. 1942)

• Heading South, Looking North
  • 2: A Chapter Dealing with the Discovery of Life and
         Language at an Early Age

REINALDO ARENAS (1943–1990)

• Mona
• Before Night Falls
  • Mariel

DOLORES PRIDA (b. 1943)

• Coser y cantar: A One-Act Bilingual Fantasy for Two Women

EDWARD RIVERA (1944–2001)

• Family Installments
  • 7: In Black Turf

RICHARD RODRIGUEZ (b. 1944)

• Hunger of Memory: The Education of Richard Rodriguez
  • Part 1: Aria
• Days of Obligation: An Argument with My Mexican Father
  • Chapter 2: Late Victorians
• Brown: The Last Discovery of America
  • Preface

ALMA LUZ VILLANUEVA (b. 1944)

• bitch bitch bitch bitch
• Delicious Death
• Warrior in the Sand
• Even the Eagles Must Gather

LUCHA CORPI (b. 1945)

• Winter Song
• Day’s Work
• Undocumented Anguish
• Sonata in Two Voices

OCTAVIO ARMAND (b. 1946)

• Braille for Left Hand
• Poem with Dusk
• Poetry as Eruv

RENÉ ALOMÁ (1947–1986)

• A Little Something to Ease the Pain

ALBERTO BALTAZAR HEREDIA URISTA aka ALURISTA 
                (b. 1947)

• a bone
• labyrinth of scarred hearts
• sometime war
• as our barrio turns . . . who the yoke b on?
  • juan

LUZ MARÍA UMPIERRE-HERRERA (b. 1947)

• Immanence
• No Hatchet Job

DENISE CHÁVEZ (b. 1948)

• Face of an Angel
  • Chapter 1: A Long Story
  • Chapter 2: The Sleepwalker
  • Chapter 4: Are You Wearing a Bra?

JUAN FELIPE HERRERA (b. 1948)

• Exiles
• Literary Asylums
• Quentino

PABLO MEDINA (b. 1948)

• Exiled Memories: A Cuban Childhood
  • Arrival: 1960
• Calle de la Amargura
• Nothing Nietzsche
• The Return of Felix Nogara
  • From Chapter 7
• A Dictionary of Guatemalan Bird Calls

ESMERALDA SANTIAGO (b. 1948)

• When I Was Puerto Rican
  • The American Invasion of Macún
• Island of Lost Causes

SHEREZADA “CHIQUI” VICIOSO (b. 1948)

• Perspectives
• Haiti

VÍCTOR HERNÁNDEZ CRUZ (b. 1949)

• The Latest Latin Dance Craze
• Lunequisticos
• Poema Chicano
• Cantinflas
• Is It Certain or Is It Not Certain: Caso Maravilla

JAIME MANRIQUE (b. 1949)

• Latin Moon in Manhattan
  • Chapter 1: Little Colombia, Jackson Heights

JULIA ALVAREZ (b. 1950)

• How the García Girls Lost Their Accents
  • Daughter of Invention
• Entre Lucas y Juan Mejía
• Bilingual Sestina
• ¡Yo!
  • The Sisters

DAGOBERTO GILB (b. 1950)

• Look on the Bright Side
• Down in the West Texas Town

CARLOS M. N. EIRE (b. 1951)

• Waiting for Snow in Havana
  • Chapter 1
  • Chapter 27
  • Chapter 14

ROBERTO G. FERNÁNDEZ (b. 1951)

• Raining Backwards
  • Retrieving Varadero
• Holy Radishes!
  • The Last Supper

FRANKLIN GUTIÉRREZ (b. 1951)

• Helen

OSCAR HIJUELOS (b. 1951)

• The Mambo Kings Play Songs of Love
  • Chapter 1
• Mr. Ives’ Christmas
  • On Madison and Forty-First Street

JIMMY SANTIAGO BACA (b. 1952)

• From Violence to Peace
• A Place to Stand
  • Chapter 1
  • Chapter 2
• Sixteen
• ChicaIndio

PAT MORA (b. 1952)

• A Child, a Child
• La dulcería
• Coatlicue’s Rules: Advice from an Aztec Goddess
• Malinche’s Tips: Pique from Mexico’s Mother
• Consejos de Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe: Counsel from the
       Brown Virgin

CHERRÍE MORAGA (b. 1952)

• Giving Up the Ghost: Teatro in Two Acts

JUDITH ORTIZ COFER (b. 1952)

• The Story of My Body
• The Latin Deli: An Ars Poetica
• The Chameleon
• Hostages to Fortune
• To a Daughter I Cannot Console
• Anniversary
• The Gift of a Cuento
• And May He Be Bilingual

ALBERTO ÁLVARO RÍOS (b. 1952)

• Morning
• The Man Who Became Old
• Mayates
• The Iguana Killer

GARY SOTO (b. 1952)

• The Level at Which the Sky Begins
• How an Uncle Became Gray
• At the Cantina
• Catalina Treviño Is Really from Heaven
• What Are You Speaking?
• The Charity of La Señora Lara
• Nickel and Dime
  • We Ain’t Asking Much

GIANNINA BRASCHI (b. 1953)

• From Yo-Yo Boing!
• Pelos en la lengua

ANA CASTILLO (b. 1953)

• The Mixquiahuala Letters
  • Letter 7
  • Letter 15
  • Letter 21
• The Guardians
  • From Regina

EDUARDO MACHADO (b. 1953)

• Broken Eggs
  • From Act 1

KATHLEEN ALCALÁ (b. 1954)

• Mrs. Vargas and the Dead Naturalist
  • Flora’s Complaint
  • Amalia

LORNA DEE CERVANTES (b. 1954)

• Refugee Ship
• Beneath the Shadow of the Freeway

FRANCISCO GOLDMAN (b. 1954)

• The Ordinary Seaman
  • Chapter 3

ELÍAS MIGUEL MUÑOZ (b. 1954)

• From the Land of Machos: Journey to Oz with My Father

MICHAEL NAVA (b. 1954)

• How Town
  • Chapter 1

RICARDO PAU-LLOSA (b. 1954)

• Dos Ríos
• Frutas
• Dulce
• Charada China
• Return to Havana

LUIS J. RODRÍGUEZ (b. 1954)

• Always Running: La vida loca
  • Chapter 1

HELENA MARÍA VIRAMONTES (b. 1954)

• Under the Feet of Jesus
  • From Chapter 2

WRITERS OF LATINIDAD

SILVIA CURBELO (b. 1955)

• Summer Storm
• If You Need a Reason

CECILIA RODRÍGUEZ MILANÉS (b. 1961)

• Muchacha (After Jamaica)

ADRIÁN CASTRO (b. 1967)

• In the Tradition of Returning

RICHARD BLANCO (b. 1968)

• Palmita Mía
• Havanasis
• Mother Picking Produce

SANDRA M. CASTILLO (b. 1968)

• Looking South

GUILLERMO GÓMEZ-PEÑA (b. 1955)

• Documented/Undocumented

CARLOS MORTON (b. 1955)

• The Many Deaths of Danny Rosales

JOSÉ RIVERA (b. 1955)

• The House of RamÓn Iglesia

LUIS ALBERTO URREA (b. 1955)

• A Lake of Sleeping Children
• The Devil’s Highway: A True Story
  • From Chapter 1: The Rules of the Game

ROBERTO VALERO (1955–1994)

• Roberto
• Phone Call
• Exile
• Islands Are Evil and Nobody Knows It

RUTH BEHAR (b. 1956)

• From Juban América
• The Hebrew Cemetery of Guabanacoa

SUSANA CHÁVEZ-SILVERMAN (b. 1956)

• Killer Crónicas: Bilingual Memories
  • Killer Crónica

DIONISIO MARTÍNEZ (b. 1956)

• History as a Second Language
• In a Duplex Near the San Andreas Fault
• Je te veux
• The Cultivation of Orchids

ACHY OBEJAS (b. 1956)

• Wrecks

MARTÍN ESPADA (b. 1957)

• Revolutionary Spanish Lesson
• Niggerlips
• Imagine the Angels of Bread
• My Name Is Espada
• Alabanza: In Praise of Local 100
• The Republic of Poetry

ROLANDO PÉREZ (b. 1957)

• New York Movie
• Hotel Room
• Summer Evening
• First Experience
• Canto 10

CAROLINA HOSPITAL (b. 1957)

• How the Cubans Stole Miami

CRISTINA GARCÍA (b. 1958)

• Dreaming in Cuban
  • Ocean Blue
  • The Meaning of Shells
• The Agüero Sisters
  • Dulce Fuerte

ALICIA GASPAR DE ALBA (b. 1958)

• Sor Juana’s Second Dream
  • Bishop’s Pawn

NILO CRUZ (b. 1959)

• Anna in the Tropics

DEMETRIA MARTÍNEZ (b. 1960)

• Fragmentos/Fragments
• The Devil’s Workshop
• Ars Poetica

ABRAHAM RODRIGUEZ (b. 1961)

• The Boy without a Flag

RUBÉN MARTÍNEZ (b. 1962)

• The Other Side: Notes from the New L.A., Mexico City
       and Beyond
  • A Death in the Family
  • Manifesto
• Crossing Over: A Mexican Family on the Migrant Trail
  • Prologue: The Passion

VIRGIL SUÁREZ (b. 1962)

• Tea Leaves, Caracoles, Coffee Beans
• Ricochet
• Floridiana
• The Trouble with Some Words in English
• Cucuyo Ghazal Razzmatazz
• Orthography
• What We Choose of Exile

RAFAEL CAMPO (b. 1963)

• Elise
• Miss Key West, 1990
• A Poet’s Education
• I Am Mrs. Lorca
• The Changing Face of AIDS

JUNOT DÍAZ (b. 1968)

• Ysrael
• The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao
  • From Chapter 1: GhettoNerd at the End of the World:
         1974–1987

ANA MENÉNDEZ (b. 1970)

• In Cuba I Was a German Shepherd

WILLIE PERDOMO (b. 1971)

• Nigger-Reecan Blues
• Brother Lo
• New Boogaloo

MANUEL MUÑOZ (b. 1975)

• Zigzagger

DANIEL ALARCÓN (b. 1977)

• War by Candlelight

MARÍA TERESA “MARIPOSA” FERNÁNDEZ (b. 1977)

• Boricua Butterfly
• Ode to the Diasporican
• Poem for My Grifa-Rican Sistah Or Broken Ends Broken Promises

POPULAR DIMENSIONS

DICHOS

CHISTES

CARTOONISTAS

GUS ARRIOLA (1917–2008)

• From Gordo

THE HERNANDEZ BROTHERS: MARIO (b. 1953),
     GILBERTO (b. 1957), and JAIME (b. 1959)

• ¡Mojado Power!

LALO LÓPEZ ALCARAZ (b. 1964)

• Hi-Spanic Hysteria Month
• Estar Wars: The Brown Menace

TEATRO POPULAR

CULTURE CLASH

• The Mission
  • Act 1, Scene 1

CUENTOS AND LEYENDAS

• Juan Chililí
• Paloma Blanca
• Chirlos Birlos
• The Burro and the Coyote
• The Pranks of Pedro de Urdemalas
• Eyes That Come Out at Night
• La Llorona
• La Llorona by Alcina Lubitch Domecq
• The Flea
• The Boy and the Devil

CANCIONES

CHILDREN’S SONG: Arroz con leche

FOLK SONG: De colores

CORRIDO

• Corrido de Gregorio Cortez
• Corrido de Joaquín Murrieta

NARCOCORRIDO: Contrabando y traición (Written by Angel
     González)

BOLERO: Lamento Borincano (Written by Rafael Hernández
     Marín)

SALSA: Burundanga (Written by Oscar Muñoz Bouffartique 
     and performed by Celia Cruz)

MERENGUE: Carnaval del Barrio (Written by Lin-Manuel
     Miranda)

CHICANO ROCK: Good Morning Aztlán (Written by David
     Hidalgo and Louie Pérez and performed by Los Lobos)

LATIN POP: Livin’ la Vida Loca (Written by Desmond Child
     and Robi Rosa and performed by Ricky Martin)

HIP-HOP: Latin Lingo (Written by Senen Reyes, Louis
     Freeze, and Lawrence Muggerud and performed
     by Cypress Hill)

REGGAETÓN: Somos raperos pero no delincuentes (Written and
     performed by Ivy Queen)

APPENDIX 1: CHRONOLOGY—LITERATURE
AND HISTORY

APPENDIX 2: TREATIES, ACTS, AND PROPOSITIONS

• The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848)
• The Treaty of Paris (1898)
• The Jones Act (1917)
• The Bracero Agreement (1942)
• California Proposition 187 (1994)

APPENDIX 3: INFLUENTIAL ESSAYS BY
LATIN AMERICAN WRITERS

JOSÉ ENRIQUE RODÓ (1872–1917)

• From Ariel

JOSÉ VASCONCELOS (1882–1959)

• The Cosmic Race
  • From Mestizaje
    • Part 1
    • Part 2

OCTAVIO PAZ (1914–1998)

• The Labyrinth of Solitude
  • From Chapter 1: The Pachuco and Other Extremes

ROBERTO FERNÁNDEZ RETAMAR (b. 1930)

• Caliban: Notes Toward a Discussion of Culture in Our America
  • A Question
  • Toward the History of Caliban
  • Our Symbol

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHIES

PERMISSIONS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

INDEX